Erratic boulders the world over - myriads of animal bones packed and crushed together in caves all over the globe, void of predation marks (marks on the bone).  What could have caused this?

The following two videos show the power of fast, rising water. The first is of the recent Japan Tsunami back in March and was filmed by a delivery man (who survived).

The second video was filmed in Australia, and shows again the power of fast moving water, and its ability to lift massive objects and drop them in the oddest of positions.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQqmp9OOE1E&feature=player_embedded

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kYUpkPTcqPY&feature=player_embedded

Excerpts from "Earth in Upheaval"

(c) Doubleday 1955

Page 3 - "What could have caused the Artic Sea and the Pacific Ocean to irrupt and wash away forests with all their animal population and throw the entire mingled mass in great heaps scattered all over Alaska, the coast of which is no longer the Atlantic seaboard from Newfoundland to Florida?

Was it not a tectonic revolution in the earth's crust, that also caused the volcano's to erupt and to cover the peninsula with ashes?

In various levels of the muck, stone artifacts were found 'frozen in situ at great depths and in apparent association' with the Ice Age fauna, which implies that 'men were contemporary with extinct animals in Alaska.'

Worked flints, characteristically shaped, called Yuma points, were repeatedly found in the Alaskan muck, one hundred and more feet below the surface. One such spear point was found there 'between a lion's jaw and a mammoth's tusk.'

Similar weapons were used only a few generations ago by Indians of the Athapascan tribe, who camped in the upper Tanana Valley. It has also been suggested that even modern Eskimo points are remarkably Yuma-like, all of which indicates that the multitudes of torn animals and splintered forests date from a time not many thousands of years ago.

The Caves of England -Page 15,

In 1823, William Buckland, professor of geology at the University of Oxford, Published his Reliquiae diluvianae (Relics of the flood), with the subtitle, Observations on the organic remains contained in caves, fissures, and diluvial gravel, and other geological phenomena, attesting the action of an universal deluge.

Buckland was one of the great authorities on geology in the first half of the nineteenth century. In a cave in Kirkdale in Yorkshire, eighty feet above the valley, under a floor covering of stalagmites, he found teeth and bones of elephants, rhinoceroses, hippopotami, horses, deer, tigers (teeth of which were larger than those of the largest lion or Bengal tiger), bears, wolves, hyenas, foxes, hares, rabbits, as well as bones of ravens, pigeons, larks, snipe and ducks.

Many of the animals had died 'before the first set, or milk teeth, had been shed.'

����. The idea which long prevailed, 'was, that they were the remains of elephants imported by the Roman armies. This is also refuted First by the anatomical fact of their belonging to extinct species of this genus, second, by their being usually accompanied by the bones of rhinoceros and hippopotamus, animals that could never have been attached to Roman armies: thirdly, by their being found dispersed over Siberia and North America, in equal or even greater abundance than in those parts of Europe which were subjected to the Roman power.'

The Aquatic Graveyards - Page 19-20,

In the red sandstone an abundant aquatic fauna is embedded. The animals are in disturbed positions. At the period of the past when these formations were composed, 'some terrible catastrophe involved in sudden destruction of the fish of an area at least a hundred miles from boundary to boundary, perhaps much more.

The same pattern in Orkney as at Comarty is strewed thick with remains, which exhibit unequivocally the marks of violent death. The figures are contorted, contracted, curved; the tail in many instances is bent around to the head; the pines stick out; the fins are spread to the full, as in fish that die in convulsions.

The Pterichthys shows its arms extended at their stiffest angle, as if prepared for an enemy. The attitudes of all ichthyolites {any fossil fish} in this platform are attitudes of fear, anger and pain. The remains, too, appear to have suffered nothing from the after-attacks of predacious fishes; none such seem to have survived. The record is one of destruction at once widely spread and total. . .' ~ a thousand localities disclose the same scenes of destruction.

The Asphalt Pit of La Brea - Page 64,

Beds of petroleum shale (rock of laminated structure formed by consolidation of clay), ascribed to the Tertiary Age, having in many places a thickness of about two thousand feet, extend from Cape Mendocino in northern California to Los Angeles and beyond, a distance of over four hundred and fifty miles. The asphalt of Rancho La Brea are an outcrop of this large bituminous formation.

Since 1906 the University of California has been collecting the fossils of Rancho La Brea, 'a most remarkable mass of skeletal material.' When found, these fossils were regarded as representing the fauna of the late Tertiary (Pliocene) or early Pleistocene (Ice Age).

The Pleistocene strata, fifty to one hundred feet thick, over lie the tertiary formations in which the main oil-bearing beds are found. The deposit containing the fossils consists of alluvium, clay, course sand and asphalt.

Most spectacular among the animals found at Rancho La Brea is the Saber-tooth tiger (Smilodon), previously unknown elsewhere in the new or old world, but found since then, in other places too. The canine teeth of this animal, over ten inches long, projected from his mouth like two curved knives. With this weapon the tiger tore the flesh of his prey.

The animal remains are crowded together in the asphalt pit in an unbelievable agglomeration. In the first excavation carried on by the University of California 'a bed of bones was encountered in which the number of saber-tooth and wolf skulls together averaged twenty per cubic yard.' 
br>No fewer than seven-hundred skulls of saber-toothed tiger have been recovered.' Among other animals unearthed in this pit were bison, horses, camel, sloths, mammoths, mastodons, and also birds including peacocks.

To explain the presence of these bones in the asphalt, the theory was offered that the animals became entrapped in the tar, sank in it, and were imbedded when the tar hardened. However the large number of animals that filled this asphalt bed to overflowing is baffling.

Moreover the vast majority of them are carnivorous, whereas in any fauna the majority of animals would be herbivorous-otherwise the carnivores would have had no victims for their daily food-requires explanation.

Agate Spring Quarry - Page 67,

In Sioux county Nebraska, on the south side of the Niobrara River, in Agate Springs Quarry, is a fossil bearing deposit up to twenty inches thick. The state of the bones indicate a long and violent transportation before they reached their final resting place. '...the fossils are in such remarkable profusion, in places, as to form a veritable pavement of interlacing bones, very few of which are in their natural articulation with one another,' says R.S. Lull, director of the Peabody Museum at Yale, in his book on fossils.'

The profusion of bones in Agate Springs Quarry may be judged by a single block now in the American Museum of Natural History in New York, this block contains about a hundred bones to the square foot. There is no way of explaining an aggregation of fossils as a natural death retreat of animals of various genera.

The animals found were mammals. The most numerous was the small twin horned rhinoceros (Diceratherium). There was another extinct animal (Moropus) with a head not unlike that of a horse but with heavy legs and claws like that of a carnivorous animal. And bones of a giant swine that stood six feet high (Dinohyus hollandi) were also unearthed.

The Carnegie Museum, which likewise excavated in Agate Spring Quarry, in a space of 1350 square feet found 164,000 bones or about 820 skeletons. A mammal skeleton averages 200 bones. This area represents only one-twentieth of the fossil bed in the quarry, suggesting to Lull that the entire area would yield about 16,400 skeletons of the twin-horned rhinoceros, 500 skeletons of the clawed horse, and 100 skeletons of the giant swine.

A few miles to the east, in another quarry were found skeletons of an animal which, because of its similarity to two extant species, is called a gazelle camel (Stenomylus). A herd of these animals was destroyed in a disaster. ~ the transportation was in a violent cataract of water, sand, and gravel, that left marks on the bones. Tens of thousands of animals were carried over an unknown distance, then smashed into a common grave.

The catastrophe was most likely ubiquitous, for these animals-the small twin-horned rhinoceros, clawed horse, giant swine, and gazelle camel-did not survive, but became extinct. ~ the very circumstances in which they are found bespeak a violent death at the hands of the elements, not slow extinction in a process of evolution.

`In many other place of the world similar finds have been made in the United States ~ In Switzerland a conglomerate of bones of animals that belong to different climates and habitats were found in Kesslerloch near Thayngen: Alpines types are there in one 'Tiergemiosh' with animals of the steppe and of the forest and fauna. In Germany a gravel pit at Neukoln (a suburb of Berlin)"

Extinction - Page 226,

In numerous places of the world the bone content of caves indicates that they served as hide-outs in times of supreme danger. Lions and tigers, wolves and hyenas, gazelles and hares shared the refuge and there found their common grave. But not all places where such assemblages of bones are discovered were sought for refuge.

In many cases the animals were swept from large areas by a tidal wave and thrown against rocks. And the water rushing through the fissures left behind the animals with all their bones broken within their torn bodies.

From as far as China, to England and France and the islands of the Mediterranean, examples of fissures of fissures with bones, splintered and mingled together, have been presented in the book.

Not only fissures in the rocks but caverns in the hills may have been filled with bones, though the caverns might not have been sought for shelter. An irrupting sea or great lake, lifted from its bed and carrying its own detritus and land debris, swept heterogeneous herds of animals and carried then to the farthest reaches and threw over them hills of gravel, rock and earth.

Cumberland cave, described on an earlier page, is one of many examples.

http://s8int.com/boneyard5.html

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http://www.zetatalk.com/theword/tword08c.htm

The Ivory Islands, pages 4-6

In 1797 the body of a mammoth, with flesh, skin, and hair, was found in northeastern Siberia. The flesh had the appearance of freshly frozen beef; it was edible, and wolves and sled dogs fed on it without harm. The ground must have been frozen ever since the day of their entombment; had it not been frozen, the bodies of the mammoths would have putrefied in a single summer, but they remained unspoiled for some thousands of years. In some mammoths, when discovered, even the eyeballs were still preserved.

(All) this shows that the cold became suddenly extreme .. and knew no relenting afterward. In the stomachs and between the teeth of the mammoths were found plants and grasses that do not grow now in northern Siberia .. (but are) .. now found in southern Siberia. Microscopic examination of the skin showed red blood corpuscles, which was proof not only of a sudden death, but that the death was due to suffocation either by gases or water.

Whales in the Mountains, pages 46-49

Bones of whale have been found 440 feet above sea level, north of Lake Ontario; a skeleton of another whale was discovered in Vermont, more than 500 feet above sea level; and still another in the Montreal- Quebec area, about 600 feet above sea level. Although the Humphrey whale and beluga occasionally enter the mouth of the St. Lawrence, they do not climb hills.

Times and Dates, pages 202-203

Careful investigation by W.A. Johnston of the Niagara River bed disclosed that the present channel was cut by the falls less than 4,000 years ago. And equally careful investigation of the Bear River delta by Hanson showed that the age of this delta was 3,600 years. The study by Claude Jones of the lakes of the Great Basin showed that these lakes, remnants of larger glacial lakes, have existed only about 3,500 years. Gales obtained the same result on Owen Lake in California and also Van Winkle on Abert and Summer lakes in Oregon.

Radiocarbon analysis by Libby also indicates that plants associated with extinct animals (mastodons) in Mexico are probably only 3,500 years old. Similar conclusions concerning the late survival of the Pleistocene fauna were drawn by various field workers in many parts of the American continent. Suess and Rubin found with the help of radiocarbon analysis that in the mountains of the western United States ice advanced only 3000 years ago.

The Florida fossil beds at Vero and Melbourne proved - by the artifacts found there together with human bones and the remains of animals, many of which are extinct - that these fossil beds were deposited between 2,000 and 4,000 years ago. From observations on beaches in numerous places all over the world, Daly concluded that there was a change in the ocean level, which dropped sixteen to twenty feet 3,500 years ago. Kuenen and others confirmed Daly's findings with evidence derived from Europe.

VELIKOVSKY, AND THE 3,600 SIGNATURE

Who was Immanuel Velikovsky? 
He was a peer of Einstein, and they played chess together often.
In fact, when Einstein died, he was in the process of reading his friend Velikovsky's book, Earth in Upheaval, as he was found sprawled over this book, laid open on his desk, when he died.
Or perhaps there was something particularly upsetting, in the book. 

Einstein was aware of periodic global cataclysms, the puzzle as to why they occurred, an issue he and Velikovsky debated, apparently. 
Einstein espoused Hapgood's sliding crust theory, as an explanation for wandering poles, stating this was the best explanation for what the Earth stands in evidence of.

Sliding crust, periodic cataclysms?
If this sounds like pole shift caused by the periodic passage of the Planet of the Crossing, aka Nibiru or Planet X, that's exactly what everyone was looking at and trying to puzzle out. 
But at the time, they were only suspecting a passing planet might have caused the chaos, because folklore reported this had been sighted.

During the era of Einstein and Velikovsky, knowledge of Planet X was not yet in available. 
It was discovered in 1983 by NASA and JPL, and Sitchin's translations of ancient Summerian documents, detailing their knowledge of the Planet of the Crossing, Nibiru, passing through every 3,600 years, had not yet been done. 
Thus, Einstein and Velikovsky puzzled, looking at the evidence the Earth provided.

http://www.zetatalk.com/index/blog1017.htm

Chevron Deposits  and Mega Waves

Above image is taken from a tip of a Chevron Deposit in Madagascar 

I was recently introduced to the phenomenon known as 'Chevron Deposits', which needless to say, has had me intrigued.

These formations, as it turns out, are found the world over, along almost every coast line and they stretch inland to over a kilometre - using Google Earth for a few hours earlier today I was able to see such examples covering the entire coast land of Eastern South Africa as well as the Western side of Madagascar, as the below image I took shows.

Wikipedia defines a Chevron as:

(also spelled cheveron, especially in older documents) is an inverted V-shaped pattern. The word is usually used in reference to a kind of fret in architecture, or to a badge or insignia used in military or police uniforms to indicate rank or length of service, or in heraldry and the designs of flags (see flag terminology). The symbol is also used on highway signs to guide drivers around curves.

"Many coastlines of the world exhibit sets of large V-shaped chevron-like dunes - symmetrical sand dunes that are similar in their lancet-form, showing strong parallelism, often in different angles to the shoreline (Bryant, 2001 Kelletat, Scheffers, 2003). Some examples of chevron dunes from different parts of the world ocean coastline are shown in Fig.1. The term "chevron" (specifically, "chevron-shaped pattern in the Selima sand sheet" was first used to describe wind-blown dunes by Maxwell and Haynes (1989) in south-western Egypt and the northern Sudan, where the chevrons consist of sinuous, parallel, blade-shaped deposits of sand, 10-30 cm high and 0.13-1.2 km in length, which actively migrate over darker coarse sands. Hearty et al. (1998) and Kindler and Strasser (2000) applied this term to coastal dunes. They used this term in the Bahamas to describe nested, parabolic shaped dunes formed during the Last Interglacial age and attributed them to megastorm deposits. Bryant (2001) recognized, that certain coastal chevrons could be formed by mega-tsunamis because its limits are far beyond of any storm surges reported in the literature. Only dominant winds or high-energy water currents can be responsible for formation of chevrons. In this paper, we do not limit the term "chevron" to any one process but use it in the broadest sense to refer to any sedimentary feature within the coastal landscape with this distinctive V-shape morphology."

There are some key characteristics that Chevrons presents, which are important when discerning these from dune type formations, or erosional features from wind and sand.

Extreme inundations of the land by ocean water generally leaves traces of what Geologists refer to as lithic (rock fragments, usually from sources elsewhere) or bioclastic (bone) fragments. One thing the small group of geologists currently studying this must distinguish between, is that of the storm surge induced or that of other source, or a tsunami wave. Storm surge waves have somewhat similar characteristics, but they lack the raw power of giant tsunami type waves. Epic waves colliding over the shoreline transports and deposits shells, coral sand and boulders, into and on top of massive mud and sand deposits some reaching 30m in height, or even up to 120m (Kelletat, Scheffers: 184). 

Using Google earth, one can see how the chevrons formed along the coast of Africa and Madagascar do not all follow a uniform pattern, some form perpendicular or parallel to the angels of the coastline (ibid: 185). Also one can notice, remnants of older chevrons with plant growth, where new waves have washed over it. In the recent memory of man, and in conjunction with modern historical data - the largest chevrons the world over must have occured in pre-historic times. 

"Tsunami boulder deposits contain one or more of the following characteristics: distinct imbrication of boulder clasts with seaward dips, low variance in alignments with a-axes of boulders within a deposit, discrete trains of boulders extending inland, boulders deposited well above storm wave limits and the presence of marine fauna within the deposit" (Nott:692).

Some geologists have suggested that the Chevron formations are due to a meteorite impacting the ocean - causing Tsunami waters to rise up over the shores. Evidence for this is found in impact craters under the ocean - specifically "the 18-mile wide Burckle Crater, located in the centre of the Indian Ocean" (Rowan: Source),  it has been found, that some chevron deposists contain meteoritic dust.  Another hypothesis is that massive tidal waves due to earthquake activity could have caused global chevrons.

The meteroite hypothesis though does not line up properly to the carbon dating of shells lodged within chevrons - this then begs the question; if meteroites were not the sole cause and Earthquakes could not produce large enough waves as evidence in some chevrons, then what could cause the ocean to roar inland at such great strength, carrying with it boulders, animal life and carving the landscape out, depositing these structures?

A Return to Waves

Velikovsky, in Earth in Upheaval says 

"Before the Ice Age theory was concieved, drift and erratic boulders were ascribed to the action of great tidal waves. But with the advent of this theory the role of the water in the deposition of drift and erratic boulders was denied...As we have learned on the preceeding pages, a disturbance in the axial rotation of the earth must have created a displacement of the oceans and their irruption on the land" (Velikovsky: 128)

Could the instances of Chevrons the world over be evidence of an axial tilt in the earth, causing the crust to displace itself over the molten core?"

".that under the impact of a force or the influence of an agent - and the earth does not travel in an empty universe - the axis of the earth shifted or tilted. At that moment an earthquake would make the globe shudder. Air and water would continue to move through inertia; hurricanes would sweep the earth and the seas would rush over continents, carrying gravel and sand and marine animals, and casting them on the land. Heat would be developed, rocks would melt, volcanoes would erupt, and lava would flow from fissures in the ruptured ground and cover vast areas. Mountains would spring up from the plains and would travel and climb on the shoulders of other mountains, causing faults and rifts. Lakes would be tilted and emptied, rivers would change their beds; large land areas with all their inhabitants would slip under the sea. Forests would burn, and the hurricanes and wild seas would wrest them from the ground on which they grew and pile them, branch and root, in huge heaps." (Velikovsky: preface)

The Ancients and Epic Waves

If the chevrons were not formed in recent times, to which modern man would have had testimony to (as in, recent tsunami's or surge storms), then ancient man would have witnessed such events seeing that civilizations first arise along coastal regions.

"The ocean tides are produced by the action of the sun and to a larger extent by that of the moon. A body larger than the moon or one nearer to the earth would act with greater effect. A comet with a head as large as the earth, passing sufficiently close, would raise the waters of the oceans miles high. The slowing down or statis of the earth in its rotation would disturb this poleward recession, drawing the water toward itself."

It is known that the earth is not a complete sphere, but rather is a bulge in the middle - it is flatter on the poles and wider at the equator. Picture clay on a spinning wheel; a natural reaction to constant motion. If the earth were to halt in its rotation, the oceans water pushed towards the equator would suddenly find itself rushing towards the poles - people living along coastlines would have noticed first the massive rise in the tide, followed suddenly by the retreat of the ocean water as it pulls itself towards the poles. The direction of water flow, moving over inland along the way, could have caused some of the chevrons.

"The tradition of many peoples persist that seas were torn apart and their water heaped high and thrown upon the continents. In order to establish that these traditions refer to one and the same event, or at least to an event of the same order, we must keep to this guiding sequence: the great tide followed a disturbance in the motion of the earth...The Chinese annals say that in the time of Emperor Yahou the sun did not go down for ten days, the world was in flames and in "their vast extent the waters over topped the great heights".

The traditions of the people of Peru tell that for a period of time equal to five days and five nights the sun was not in the sky, and then the ocean left the shore and with a terrible din broke over the continent; the entire surface of the earth was changed in a catastrophe. The Choctaw Indians of Oklahoma relate: "The earth was plunged in darkness for a long time - a bright light appeared in the north, "but it was mountain-high-waves, rapidly coming nearer." The Midrashim contain the following description: "The waters were piled up on to the height of the sixteen hundred miles, and they could be seen by all the nations on the earth."  (Velikovsky: 57, Worlds in Collision)

 

 For now, I need to do more research into the Chevrons - though not much exists. It is a relatively new field, a phenomenon ushered in, really, with Google Earth.

One thing is clear to me though, the dates of the great Chevrons are "Pre-Historic" at best, which gives even more credence to cultural text and lore, and even less credence to the doctrine of uniformity.